Moreover, LPR patients may try to compensate for their hoarseness by increasing muscular tension in their vocal tract. Hoarseness is considered to be one of the primary symptoms of LPR and is associated with complaints such as strain, vocal fatigue, musculoskeletal tension, and hard glottal attacks, all of which can reduce a person's ability to communicate effectively.

Р вЂќР вЂћdditionally, LPR can cause inflammation in the vocal tract which results in the symptom of dysphonia or hoarseness. Individuals with more severe forms of LPR may experience abrasion of tooth enamel due to intermittent presence of gastric contents in the oral cavity.

Some people with LPR have heartburn, while others have little to no heartburn as refluxed stomach contents do not remain in the esophagus long enough to irritate the surrounding tissue. This causes a variety of symptoms, including hoarseness, postnasal drip, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, indigestion, wheezing, globus pharyngeus, and chronic throat-clearing. Р вЂќР’В®xtraesophageal symptoms result from exposure of the upper aerodigestive tract to gastric contents. However, LPR occurs in as many as 50% of individuals with voice disorders. LPR reportedly affects approximately 10% of the U.S. While LPR is commonly used interchangeably with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), it presents with a different pathophysiology. LPR may play a role in other diseases, such as sinusitis, otitis media, and rhinitis, and can be a comorbidity of asthma. LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. Laryngopharyngeal reflux ( LPR) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. In LPR, the pharynx (1) and larynx (3) are exposed to gastric contents that flow upward through the esophagus (4). Sagittal illustration of the anterior portion of the human head and neck. Medical condition Laryngopharyngeal refluxР вЂќР’В®xtraesophageal reflux disease (EERD), Silent reflux, and Supra-esophageal reflux

Laryngopharyngeal relux